SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Mendes,Caio; Oplustil,Carmen; Sakagami,Elsa; Turner,Philip; Kiffer,Carlos.

OBJECTIVE: Establish the susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria causing infections in ICU patients, MYSTIC Program Brazil 2002. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Gram-negative bacteria (n = 503) causing nosocomial infections were collected at seven Brazilian centers. The central laboratory confirmed the identification and performed the susceptibility tests by E-test methodology (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) for meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Interpretation criteria used were according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). RESULTS: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%) was the most frequently isolated, followed by A. baumannii (17.1%), K. pneumoniae...

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteria in Brazilian hospitals: the MYSTIC Program Brazil 2003

Palavras-chave: Drug resistance; Bacterial; Microbial sensitivity tests; Infection control; Carbapenems.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702005000100008

Kiffer,Carlos; Hsiung,Andre; Oplustil,Carmen; Sampaio,Jorge; Sakagami,Elsa; Turner,Philip; Mendes,Caio.

Establish the susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria causing infections in ICU patients, MYSTIC Program Brazil 2003. Gram-negative bacteria (n = 1,550) causing nosocomial infections were collected at 20 Brazilian centers. The central laboratory confirmed the identification and performed the susceptibility tests by Etest methodology (AB Biodisk, Solna, Sweden) for meropenem, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, and tobramycin. Interpretation criteria used were according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.3%) was the most frequent isolate, followed by E. coli (18.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.9%), Acitenobacter baumannii (8.8%), and...

Biocide activity of microfiber mops with and without silver after contamination

Palavras-chave: Drug resistance; Bacterial; Microbial sensitivity tests; Infection control; Carbapenems.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702005000300004

Lorenzi,Sonia De; Romanini,Letizia; Finzi,Gianfranco; Salvatorelli,Germano.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present research was to compare the residual microbial load in Solo System microfiber mops with silver and in normal microfiber mops without silver to see whether those with the silver prevent bacterial proliferation and spread more effectively during normal cleaning operations. METHODS: Mops with and without silver were experimentally contaminated with suspension of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. The bioburden was evaluated by a filtering procedure according to UNI EN 1174 after contamination, after washing and after different times of impregnation in an alcohol-base detergent. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results obtained lead to the conclusion that silver microfiber mop was significantly more effective in reducing...

Cefepime restriction improves gram-negative overall resistance patterns in neonatal intensive care unit

Palavras-chave: Decontamination; Surface-active agents; Products with antimicrobial action; Semi-colon; Infection control.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702011000300003

Araujo,Orlei Ribeiro de; Silva,Dafne Cardoso Bourguignon da; Diegues,Ana Regina; Arkader,Ronaldo; Cabral,Eloíza Aparecida Ferreira; Afonso,Marta Rodriguez; Louzada,Maria Eduarda; Albertoni,Andréa de Cássia Stéfano.

Antibiotic restriction can be useful in maintaining bacterial susceptibility. The objective of this study was verify if restriction of cefepime, the most frequently used cephalosporin in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), would ameliorate broad-spectrum susceptibility of Gram-negative isolates. Nine hundred and ninety-five premature and term newborns were divided into 3 cohorts, according to the prevalence of cefepime use in the unit: Group 1 (n=396) comprised patients admitted from January 2002 to December 2003, period in which cefepime was the most used broad-spectrum antibiotic. Patients in Group 2 (n=349) were admitted when piperacillin/tazobactam replaced cefepime (January to December 2004) and in Group 3 (n=250) when cefepime was reintroduced...

Clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by high-level gentamicin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis

Palavras-chave: Drug resistance; Infection control; Cefepime; Bacterial.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702007000200022

BJMBR

Vigani,A.G.; Macedo de Oliveira,A.; Bratfich,O.J.; Stucchi,R.S.B.; Moretti,M.L..

Enterococcus spp bacteremia is associated with high mortality and the appearance of high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) created additional challenges for the treatment of these infections. We evaluated the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with bacteremias caused by HLGR and non_HLGR Enterococcus faecalis isolates at a teaching hospital in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Patients with bacteremia due to E. faecalis diagnosed between January 1999 and December 2003 were included in the study. We collected clinical, epidemiological, and microbiological data from medical records. Banked isolates were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. We identified 145 cases of E. faecalis bacteremia: 66 (45.5%) were caused by HLGR isolates...

Comparing hospital infections in the elderly versus younger adults: an experience in a Brazilian University Hospital

Palavras-chave: Enterococcus faecalis; Bacteremia; High-level gentamicin resistance; Infection control; Enterococcus faecalis genotyping.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2008001000010

The elderly population will grow rapidly over the next 25 years, however there is little information about hospital infections in this group of patients in Brazil. We examined the prevalence of nosocomial and community infections in elderly (>65 years) patients and their relationship with intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in a Brazilian University Hospital. A total of 155 hospitalized elderly patients were evaluated, and clinical and demographic information about each patient was obtained from hospital records. The rates of nosocomial and community infections were 16.1% and 25.6%, respectively. When the elderly group with and without nosocomial infections was analyzed, practically all the risk factors considered (use of antibiotics, invasive devices,...

Control of multi-resistant bacteria and ventilator-associated pneumonia: is it possible with changes in antibiotics?

Palavras-chave: Elderly; Nosocomial infections; Risk factors; Brazilian hospitals; Infection control.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702003000300006

Jukemura,Elisa M.; Burattini,Marcelo N.; Pereira,Carlos A.P.; Braga,Alfésio L.F.; Medeiros,Eduardo A.S..

Potent antimicrobial agents have been developed as a response to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which especially affect patients with prolonged hospitalization in Intensive Care Units (ICU) and who had been previously treated with antimicrobials, especially third-generation cephalosporins.This study was to determine how changes in the empirical treatment of infections in ICU patients affect the incidence of Gram-negative bacteria species and their susceptibility to antimicrobials, and examine the impact of these changes on nosocomial infections. A prospective interventional study was performed in a university hospital during two periods: 1) First period (September 1999 to February 2000); and 2) Second period (August 2000 to December...

Effectiveness of the actions of antimicrobial's control in the intensive care unit

Palavras-chave: Ventilator associated pneumonia; Multi-resistant bacteria; Infection control.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702007000400010

Santos,Edilson Floriano dos; Silva,Antonio Emanuel; Pinhati,Henrique M. Sampaio; Maia,Marcelo de O..

There are various strategies to improve the effectiveness of antibiotics in hospitals. In general, the implementation of guidelines for appropriate antibiotic therapy and the participation of infectious disease (ID) physicians deserve considerable attention. This study was a prospective ecological time-series study that evaluates the effectiveness of the ID physician's opinion to rationalize and control the use of antibiotics in medical-surgical intensive care units (ICU), and the impact of their intervention on treatment expenditures. There was significant change in the pattern of use of antimicrobials, this pattern approximating that of a medical-surgical ICU that participates in the ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) Project....

Epidemiology of healthcare-associated infections among patients from a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil

Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Cost control; Infection control; Drug resistance; Microbial.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702003000500002

Albuquerque,Silvia Eduara Kennerly de; Cavalcante,Ricardo de Souza; Ponce,Daniela; Fortaleza,Carlos Magno Castelo Branco.

Patients submitted to hemodialysis are at a high risk for healthcare-associated infections (HAI). Presently there are scarce data to allow benchmarking of HAI rates in developing countries. Also, most studies focus only on bloodstream infections (BSI) or local access infections (LAI). Our study aimed to provide a wide overview of HAI epidemiology in a hemodialysis unit in southeastern Brazil. We present data from prospective surveillance carried out from March 2010 through May 2012. Rates were compared (mid-p exact test) and temporally analyzed in Shewhart control charts for Poisson distributions. The overall incidence of BSI was 1.12 per 1000 access-days. The rate was higher for patients performing dialysis through central venous catheters (CVC), either...

Palavras-chave: Infection control; Hemodialysis; Bloodstream infections; Catheter-related infections.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702014000300327

Sola,A.F.; Bittencourt,A.R.C.; Guerra,C.M.; Godoy,H.L.; Medeiros,E.A.S..

The health care-related infections are well-known in a critical care setting, but reports of those infections in solid organ transplanted patients are scarce. We developed a study of retrospective cohort in a tertiary teaching hospital for 14 months. Eighty-one patients underwent solid organ transplants. The global incidence of health care-related infection was 42.0%. Fifteen percent of the cases were occurrences of surgical site infections, 14.0% pneumonias, 9.0% primary blood stream infections, 4.0% urinary tract infections and 2.0% skin infection. The most prevalent etiologic agents were K. pneumoniae (8.6%), P. aeruginosa (7.4%); A. baumannii (5.0%) and S. aureus (2.5%). Mortality was 18.0%, none of then related to health care infections. The high rate...

KPC-producing Enterobacter aerogenes infection

Palavras-chave: Transplantation; Health care-related infections; Immunocompromised patients; Infection control.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702007000600008

Tuon,Felipe F.; Scharf,Camila; Rocha,Jaime L.; Cieslinsk,Juliette; Becker,Guilherme Nardi; Arend,Lavinia N..

Background: Enterobacteris a common nosocomial microorganism and its carbapenem's resistance has increased. The management of these cases is unclear.Objective: We evaluated 16 patients with KPC-producing Enterobacter aerogenesinfections, detailing the site of infection, therapy, clinical and epidemiological data.Methods: A retrospective and descriptive study. Clinical data were revised and KPC-2 detection was by molecular methods. Risk factors associated with mortality were compared using appropriate tests according to variable type with a significance level of 0.05.Results: The 30-day mortality rate was 37.5% with no association with inadequate treatment. Age (p= 0.004) and Charlson score of comorbidities (p= 0.048) were independent risk factors...

Microbial contamination of single-and multiple-dose vials after opening in a pulmonary teaching hospital

Palavras-chave: KPC Enterobacter; Carbapenemase; Infection control.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000300324

Baniasadi,Shadi; Dorudinia,Atosa; Mobarhan,Mandana; Gamishan,Masoumeh Karimi; Fahimi,Fanak.

OBJECTIVES: Intravenous therapy is a complex procedure usually requiring the preparation of the medication in the clinical area before administration to the patient. Breaches in aseptic technique may result in microbial contaminations of vials which is a potential cause of different avoidable infections. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and pattern of microbial contamination of single- and multiple-dose vials in the largest pulmonary teaching hospital in Iran. METHODS: In a period of 2 months, opened single- and multiple-dose vials from different wards were sampled by a pharmacist. The name of the medication, ward, labeling of the vials, the date of opening, and storing temperature were recorded for each vial. Remained contents of each vial were...

Mobile health application to assist doctors in antibiotic prescription - an approach for antibiotic stewardship

Palavras-chave: Hospital; Infection control; Injection; Intravenous.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000100011

Tuon,Felipe Francisco; Gasparetto,Juliano; Wollmann,Luciana Cristina; Moraes,Thyago Proença de.

ABSTRACT Background: Technologies applied to mobile devices can be an important strategy in antibiotic stewardship programs. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the impact of a decision-making application on antibiotic prescription. Methods: This was an observational, analytical and longitudinal study on the implementation of an antimicrobial guide for mobile application. This study analyzed the period of 12 months before and 12 months after the app implementation at a university hospital based on local epidemiology, avoiding high cost drugs and reducing the potential for drug resistance including carbapenem. Antimicrobials consumption was evaluated in Daily Defined Dose/1000 patients-day and direct expenses converted into USD. Results:...

Outbreak of resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: measures and proposal for prevention and control

Palavras-chave: Mobile health applications; Stewardship; Antibiotic; Infection control.

Ano: 2017

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000600660

Romanelli,Roberta Maia de Castro; Jesus,Lenize Adriana de; Clemente,Wanessa Trindade; Lima,Stella Sala Soares; Rezende,Edna Maria; Coutinho,Rosane Luiza; Moreira,Ricardo Luiz Fontes; Neves,Francelli Aparecida Cordeiro; Brás,Nelma de Jesus.

Acinetobacter baumannii colonization and infection, frequent in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients, is commonly associated with high morbimortality. Several outbreaks due to multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumanii have been reported but few of them in Brazil. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with colonization and infection by MDR and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains isolated from patients admitted to the adult ICU at HC/UFMG. A case-control study was performed from January 2007 to June 2008. Cases were defined as patients colonized or infected by MDR/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii, and controls were patients without MDR/carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii isolation, in a 1:2 proportion. For statistical analysis, due to changes...

Outbreaks, persistence, and high mortality rates of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections in a hospital with AIDS-predominant admissions

Palavras-chave: Acinetobacter baumannii; Multidrug resistance; Carbapenem; Infection control; Outbreak.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702009000500005

Gomes,Marisa Zenaide Ribeiro; Machado,Carolina Romero; Conceição,Magda de Souza da; Ortega,Jois Alves; Neves,Sonia Maria Ferraz M; Lourenço,Maria Cristina da Silva; Asensi,Marise Dutra.

INTRODUCTION: Authors have reported increased incidence of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MR-PA) infections worldwide over the last decade. Researchers have proposed multifaceted approaches to control MR-PA infections, but none have been reported in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) setting. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: Herein we report the impact of a multifaceted intervention for controlling MR-PA over five years in a hospital with AIDS-predominant admissions and describe the clinical characteristics of MR-PA infection in our patient population. The clinical outcomes of infected patients and molecular characteristics of the isolated strains were used as tools for controlling MR-PA infection rates. RESULTS: Significant temporary decrease of...

Prevention strategies for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Latin America

Palavras-chave: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Disease outbreaks; Infection control; Molecular epidemiology; Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702011000400003

Alvarez,Carlos; Labarca,Jaime; Salles,Mauro.

After the first reports of the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the 1970s, numerous measures intended to prevent its transmission were initiated in hospitals. However, in most cases, large-scale measures failed to be implemented and the transmission of MRSA has since led to a global pandemic. Presently, doubts still remain about the best approach to prevent and control MRSA and more often than not, control measures are not implemented. Therefore, we review here the current situation in Latin America with respect to existing policies for control of MRSA, and evaluate the evidence for control measures in hospitals and the community. We look at the risk factors for infection and transmission of MRSA between hospital patients...

Risk factors for laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection in neonates undergoing surgical procedures

Palavras-chave: MRSA; Prevention; Infection control; Latin America.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702010000800006

Romanelli,Roberta Maia de Castro; Anchieta,Lêni Márcia; Carvalho,Elaine Alvarenga de Almeida; Silva,Lorena Ferreira da Glória e; Nunes,Rafael Viana Pessoa; Mourão,Paulo Henrique; Clemente,Wanessa Trindade; Bouzada,Maria Cândida Ferrarez.

BACKGROUND: Healthcare Associated Infections constitute an important problem in Neonatal Units and invasive devices are frequently involved. However, studies on risk factors of newborns who undergo surgical procedures are scarce. OBJECTIVE: To identify risk factors for laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection in neonates undergoing surgical procedures. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted from January 2008 to May 2011, in a referral center. Cases were of 21 newborns who underwent surgery and presented the first episode of laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection. Control was 42 newborns who underwent surgical procedures without notification of laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection in the study period. Information was obtained from the...

The assessment of infection control in dental practices in the municipality of São Paulo

Palavras-chave: Newborn intensive care units; Infection control; Surgery; Sepsis.

Ano: 2014

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702014000400400

Matsuda,Jacqueline Kimiko; Grinbaum,Renato Satovschi; Davidowicz,Harry.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate the infection control measures actually implemented by dental surgeons during dental practice, as patients and professionals are exposed to high biological risk in dental care environments. METHOD: 614 questionnaires (90.69%) were answered by professionals registered in updating or in post-graduate courses in the Municipality of São Paulo. RESULTS: Out of surveyed professionals 30.62% admitted that surface protection barriers were not used, whereas 34.17% were using non ideal or outdated pre-disinfection practices. The autoclave was used by 69.38% of participants, although 33.80% were not monitoring control of the sterilization cycles. Chemical and biological indicators were not used simultaneously by...

β-lactamase producing enterobacteria isolated from surveillance swabs of patients in a cardiac intensive care unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Palavras-chave: Infection control; Sterilization; Occupational accidents; Dentistry.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702011000100009

Vasques,Marcia Regina G; Bello,Alexandre Ribeiro; Lamas,Cristiane da Cruz; Correa,Juarez; Pereira,José Augusto Adler.

There is a high incidence of infections caused by betalactamase-producing Gram-negative microorganisms in Brazil. These organisms are of clinical and epidemiological importance, since their mobile genetic elements facilitate cross-infection. The present study was conducted in sentinel rectal swabs from patients admitted to a cardiac surgery hospital in Rio de Janeiro, from January through December 2007, in a consecutive manner. The aim of the study was to characterize the genotype and phenotype of these isolates from colonized patients. Biochemical tests, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, a confirmatory test for the expression of extended spectrum betalactamase (ESBL) production and polymerase chain reaction for the blaTEM, blaSHV, CTX-M1, Toho-1 and...